Special Warning : אזהרת שימוש

4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Undesirable effects may be minimized by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms (see section 4.2, and GI and cardiovascular risks below).
The use of etodolac with concomitant NSAIDs including cyclooxygenase‐2 selective inhibitors should be avoided (see section 4.5).

Elderly
The elderly have an increased frequency of adverse reactions to NSAIDs especially gastrointestinal bleeding andperforation, which may be fatal (see section 4.2).

Platelets
Although non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs do not have the same direct effects on platelets as does aspirin, all drugs which inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandins may interfere, to some extent, with platelet function. Patients receiving etodolac who may be adversely affected by such actions should be carefully observed.

Cardiovascular, Renal and Hepatic Impairment
In patients with renal, cardiac or hepatic impairment especially those taking diuretics and the elderly, renal function should be monitored in these patients (see also section 4.3). Caution is required since the use of NSAIDs may result in a dose dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and precipitate renal failure. The dose should be kept as low as possible. However, impairment of renal or hepatic functions due to other causes may alter drug metabolism; patients receiving concomitant long term therapy, especially the elderly, should be observed for potential side effects and their drug doses adjusted as needed, or the drug discontinued.
Patients on long‐term treatment with etodolac should be regularly reviewed as a precautionary measure e.g. for changes in renal function, haematological parameters, or hepatic function.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects
Appropriate monitoring and advice are required for patients with a history of hypertension and/or mild to moderate congestiveheart failure as fluid retention and oedema have been reported in association with NSAID therapy.
Clinical trial and epidemiological data suggest that use of some NSAIDs (particularly at high doses and in long term treatment)may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events (for example myocardial infarction or stroke). There are insufficient data to exclude such a risk for etodolac.
Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure, established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease should only be treated with etodolac after careful consideration. Similar consideration should be made before initiating long‐term treatment of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking).
Dermatological
Serious skin reactions, some of them fatal, including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens‐Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermalnecrolysis have been reported very rarely in association with the use of NSAIDs (see section 4.8). Patients appear to be at highest risk of these reactions early in the course of therapy: the onset of the reaction occurring in the majority of cases within the first month of treatment. Etodolac should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
Respiratory disorders
Caution is required if etodolac is administered to patients suffering from, or with a previous history of, bronchial asthma since NSAIDs have been reported to precipitate bronchospasm in such patients.
SLE and mixed connective tissue disease
In patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disorders there may be an increased risk ofaseptic meningitis (see section 4.8).
Impaired female fertility
The use of etodolac may impair female fertility and is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. In women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility, withdrawal of etodolac should be considered.
Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration and perforation:
Serious gastrointestinal adverse effects such as bleeding, ulceration and perforation, which can be fatal, has been reported with all NSAIDs at anytime during treatment, with or without warning symptoms or a previous history of serious GI events. If any sign of gastrointestinal bleeding occurs, etodolac should be stopped immediately.
The risk of GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation is higher with increasing NSAID doses, in patients with a history of ulcer, particularly if complicated with haemorrhage or perforation (see section 4.3), and in the elderly. These patients should commence treatment on the lowest dose available.
Combination therapy with protective agents (e.g. misoprostol or proton pump inhibitors) should be considered for these patients, and also for patients requiring concomitant low dose aspirin or other drugs likely to increase gastrointestinal risk (see section 4.5).
Patients with a history of GI toxicity, particularly when elderly, should report any unusual abdominal symptoms (especially GIbleeding) particularly in the initial stages of treatment.
Caution should be advised in patients receiving concomitant medications which could increase the risk of ulceration or bleeding, such as oral corticosteroids, anticoagulants such as warfarin, selective serotonin‐reuptake inhibitors or anti‐ platelet agents such as aspirin (see section 4.5).
When GI bleeding or ulceration occurs in patients receiving etodolac, the treatment should be withdrawn.
NSAIDs should be given with care to patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) as these conditions may be exacerbated (see section 4.8).
Patients with rare hereditary problems or galactose intolerance, the Lap lactase deficiency or glucose‐galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.

Effects on Driving

4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Etopan can cause dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue or abnormal vision. Patients need to be aware of how they react to this medicine before driving or operating machines.