Overdose : מינון יתר

4.9 Overdose
When Sodium Chloride 0.9% is used as a diluent for injectable preparations of other drugs, the signs and symptoms of over dose will be related to the nature of the additives being used.
In the event of overdose, treatment should be discontinued and the patient should be observed for the appropriate signs and symptoms related to the drug administered. The relevant and supportive measures should be provided as necessary
Due to the nature of the product, if its indication and administration are correct and controlled there is no risk of intoxication.
Nevertheless, an excess of sodium chloride, in its most acute form, produces dehydration of intern organs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, thirst, decrease of salivation and lacrimation, sweating, fever, hypotension or hypertension, tachycardia, renal failure, peripheral and pulmonary oedema, acidosis, respiratory insufficiency, respiratory arrest, headache, vertigo, restlessness, irritability, weakness, muscle spasms, rigidity, convulsions, coma and death.
In children, coma and convulsions can persist until vascular lesions are produced, respiratory distress with tachypnea and red nose can also appear.
In case the excess of ingestion of sodium chloride is recent, emesis should be induces or a gastric wash should be performed. Convulsions will be treated with intravenous diazepam.
Normal serum levels should be restored administering 10 - 15 mmol daily of an intravenous hypotonic saline solution.
In case of an important renal damage, if the patient is dying or if serum sodium concentration is higher than 200 mmol/L, a treatment with dialysis should be performed.
Excessive administration of sodium chloride may cause hypernatremia and should be treated by an attending specialised physician Excess chloride in the body may cause a loss of bicarbonate with an acidifying effect.