Pharmacological properties : תכונות פרמקולוגיות

Pharmacodynamic Properties

5.1     Pharmacodynamic properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Iron trivalent, parenteral preparation, ATC code: B03AC 
Ferinject dispersionfor injection/infusion is a colloidal solution of the iron complex ferric carboxymaltose.

The complex is designed to provide, in a controlled way, utilisable iron for the iron transport and storage proteins in the body (transferrin and ferritin, respectively).

Red cell utilisation of 59Fe from radio-labelled Ferinject ranged from 91% to 99% in subjects with iron deficiency (ID) and 61% to 84% in subjects with renal anaemia at 24 days post-dose.
Ferinject treatment results in an increase in reticulocyte count, serum ferritin levels and TSAT levels to within normal ranges.

Clinical efficacy and safety

The efficacy and safety of Ferinject has been studied in different therapeutic areas necessitating intravenous iron to correct iron deficiency. The main studies are described in more detail below.

Cardiology

Chronic heart failure
Study CONFIRM-HF was a double-blind, randomised, 2-arm study comparing Ferinject (n=150) vs.
placebo (n=151) in subjects with chronic heart failure and ID for a treatment period of 52 weeks. At Day 1 and Week 6 (correction phase), subjects received either Ferinject according to a simplified dosing grid using baseline Hb and body weight at screening (see section 4.2), placebo or no dose. At Weeks 12, 24 and 36 (maintenance phase) subjects received Ferinject (500 mg iron) or placebo if serum ferritin was <100 ng/mL or 100-300 ng/mL with TSAT < 20%.‫ה‬. The treatment benefit of Ferinject vs. placebo was demonstrated with the primary efficacy endpoint, the change in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) from baseline to Week 24 (33 ±11 metres, p=0.002). This effect was sustained throughout the study to Week 52 (36 ±11 metres, p<0.001).

Study EFFECT-HF was an open-label (with blinded endpoint evaluation), randomised, 2-arm study comparing Ferinject (n=86) vs. standard of care (n=86) in subjects with chronic heart failure and ID for a treatment period of 24 weeks. At Day 1 and Week 6 (correction phase), subjects received either Ferinject according to a simplified dosing grid using baseline Hb and body weight at screening (see section 4.2) or standard of care. At Week 12, (maintenance phase) subjects received Ferinject (500 mg iron) or standard of care if serum ferritin <100 ng/mL or 100 to 300 ng/mL and TSAT <20%. The treatment benefit of Ferinject vs. standard of care was demonstrated with the primary efficacy endpoint, the change in weight-adjusted peak VO2 from baseline to Week 24 (LS Mean 1.04 ±0.44, p=0.02).

Nephrology

Haemodialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease
Study VIT-IV-CL-015 was an open-label, randomised parallel group study comparing Ferinject (n=97) to iron sucrose (n=86) in subjects with ID anaemia undergoing haemodialysis. Subjects received Ferinject or iron sucrose 2-3 times per week in single doses of 200 mg iron directly into the dialyser until the individually calculated cumulative iron dose was reached (mean cumulative dose of iron as Ferinject: 1,700 mg). The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of subjects reaching an increase in Hb of ≥1.0 g/dL at 4 weeks after baseline. At 4 weeks after baseline, 44.1% responded to treatment with Ferinject (i.e. Hb increase of ≥1.0 g/dL) compared to 35.3% for iron sucrose (p=0.2254).


Non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease
Study 1VIT04004 was an open-label, randomised active-control study, evaluating the safety and efficacy of Ferinject (n=147) vs. oral iron (n=103). Subjects in the Ferinject group received 1,000 mg of iron at baseline and 500 mg of iron at days 14 and 28, if TSAT was <30% and serum ferritin was <500 ng/mL at the respective visit. Subjects in the oral iron arm received 65 mg iron TID as ferrous sulphate from baseline to day 56. Subjects were followed-up until day 56. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of subjects achieving an increase in Hb of ≥1.0 g/dL anytime between baseline and end of study or time of intervention. This was achieved by 60.54% of subjects receiving Ferinject vs. 34.7% of subjects in the oral iron group (p<0.001). Mean haemoglobin change to day 56/end of study was 1.0 g/dL in the Ferinject group and 0.7 g/dL in the oral iron group (p=0.034, 95% CI: 0.0, 0.7).


Gastroenterology
Inflammatory bowel disease

Study VIT-IV-CL-008 was a randomised, open-label study which compared the efficacy of Ferinject vs.
oral ferrous sulphate in reducing ID anaemia in subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Subjects received either Ferinject (n=111) in single doses of up to 1,000 mg iron once per week until the individually calculated iron dose (per Ganzoni formula) was reached (mean cumulative iron dose: 1,490 mg), or 100 mg iron BID as ferrous sulphate (n=49) for 12 weeks. Subjects receiving Ferinject showed a mean increase in Hb from baseline to Week 12 of 3.83 g/dL, which was non-inferior to 12 weeks of twice daily therapy with ferrous sulphate (3.75 g/dL, p=0.8016).

Study FER-IBD-07-COR was a randomised, open-label study comparing the efficacy of Ferinject vs. iron sucrose in subjects with remitting or mild IBD. Subjects receiving Ferinject were dosed according to a simplified dosing grid using baseline Hb and body weight (see section 4.2) in single doses up to 1,000 mg iron, whereas subjects receiving iron sucrose were dosed according to individually calculated iron doses using the Ganzoni formula in doses of 200 mg iron until the cumulative iron dose was reached.
Subjects were followed-up for 12 weeks. 65.8% of subjects receiving Ferinject (n=240; mean cumulative iron dose: 1,414 mg) vs. 53.6% receiving iron sucrose (n=235; mean cumulative dose 1,207 mg; p=0.004) had responded at Week 12 (defined as Hb increase ≥2 g/dL). 83.8% of Ferinject-treated subjects vs. 75.9% of iron sucrose-treated subjects achieved a Hb increase ≥2 g/dL or had Hb within normal limits at Week 12 (p=0.019).

Women's health

Post partum
Study VIT-IV-CL-009 was a randomised open-label non-inferiority study comparing the efficacy of Ferinject (n=227) vs. ferrous sulphate (n=117) in women suffering from post-partum anaemia. Subjects received either Ferinject in single doses of up to 1,000 mg iron until their individually calculated cumulative iron dose (per Ganzoni formula) was reached, or 100 mg of iron as oral ferrous sulphate BID for 12 weeks. Subjects were followed-up for 12 weeks. The mean change in Hb from baseline to Week 12 was 3.37 g/dL in the Ferinject group (n=179; mean cumulative iron dose: 1,347 mg) vs. 3.29 g/dL in the ferrous sulphate group (n=89), showing non-inferiority between the treatments.

Pregnancy

Intravenous iron medicines should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary. Treatment with Ferinject should be confined to the second and third trimester if the benefit is judged to outweigh the potential risk for both the mother and the foetus, see section 4.6.

Limited safety data in pregnant women are available from study FER-ASAP-2009-01, a randomised, open-label, study comparing Ferinject (n=121) vs. oral ferrous sulphate (n=115) in pregnant women in the second and third trimester with ID anaemia for a treatment period of 12 weeks. Subjects received Ferinject in cumulative doses of 1,000 mg or 1,500 mg of iron (mean cumulative dose: 1,029 mg iron) based on Hb and body weight at screening, or 100 mg of oral iron BID for 12 weeks. The incidence of treatment related adverse events was similar between Ferinject treated women and those treated with oral iron (11.4% Ferinject group; 15.3% oral iron group). The most commonly reported treatment-related adverse events were nausea, upper abdominal pain and headache. Newborn Apgar scores as well as newborn iron parameters were similar between treatment groups.

Ferritin monitoring after replacement therapy
There is limited data from study VIT-IV-CL-008 which demonstrates that ferritin levels decrease rapidly 2- 4 weeks following replacement and more slowly thereafter. The mean ferritin levels did not drop to levels where retreatment might be considered during the 12 weeks of study follow up. Thus, the available data does not clearly indicate an optimal time for ferritin retesting although assessing ferritin levels earlier than 4 weeks after replacement therapy appears premature. Thus, it is recommended that further re- assessment of ferritin should be made by the clinician based on the individual patient's condition.

Pharmacokinetic Properties

5.2     Pharmacokinetic properties
Distribution
Positron emission tomography demonstrated that 59Fe and 52Fe from Ferinject was rapidly eliminated from the blood, transferred to the bone marrow, and deposited in the liver and spleen.
After administration of a single dose of Ferinject of 100 to 1,000 mg of iron in ID subjects, maximum total serum iron levels of 37 µg/mL up to 333 µg/mL are obtained after 15 minutes to 1.21 hours respectively. The volume of the central compartment corresponds well to the volume of the plasma (approximately 3 litres).

Elimination
The iron injected or infused was rapidly cleared from the plasma, the terminal half-life ranged from 7 to 12 hours, the mean residence time (MRT) from 11 to 18 hours. Renal elimination of iron was negligible.