Pharmacological properties : תכונות פרמקולוגיות

Pharmacodynamic Properties

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group: "Electrolytes with carbohydrates" ATC code: B05BB02 
Sodium chloride 0.33% and Glucose 5% Baxter is a hypotonic and hyperosmolar solution of glucose and sodium chloride.

The pharmacodynamic properties of the solution are those of its components (glucose, sodium and chloride).

Ions, such as sodium, circulate through the cell membrane, using various mechanisms of transport, among which is the sodium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase). Sodium plays a very important role in neurotransmission and cardiac electrophysiology, and also in its renal metabolism.

Chloride is mainly an extracellular anion. Intracellular chloride is in high concentration in red blood cells and gastric mucosa. Reabsorption of chloride follows reabsorption of sodium.
Glucose is the main source of energy in cellular metabolism. The glucose in this solution provides a caloric intake of 200 kcal/L.

Pharmacokinetic Properties

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

The pharmacokinetic properties of this solution are those of its components (glucose, sodium and chloride).
After injection of radiosodium (24Na), the half-life is 11 to 13 days for 99% of the injected Na and one year for the remaining 1%. The distribution varies according to tissues: it is fast in muscles, liver, kidney, cartilage and skin; it is slow in erythrocytes and neurons; it is very slow in the bone.
Sodium is predominantly excreted by the kidneys, but there is also extensive renal reabsorption.
Small amounts of sodium are lost in the feces and sweat.

The two main metabolic pathways of glucose are gluconeogenesis (energy storage) and glycogenolysis (energy release). Glucose metabolism is regulated by insulin.