Pharmacological properties : תכונות פרמקולוגיות

Pharmacodynamic Properties

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
ATC code: R05CB03
Carbocysteine (S-carboxymethyl L-cysteine) has been shown in normal and bronchitic animal models to affect the nature and amount of mucus glycoprotein which is secreted by the respiratory tract. An increase in the acid: neutral glycoprotein ratio of the mucus and a transformation of serous cells to mucus cells is known to be the initial response to irritation and will normally be followed by hypersecretion. The administration of Carbocysteine to animals exposed to irritants indicates that the glycoprotein that is secreted remains normal; administration after exposure indicates that return to the normal state is accelerated. Studies in humans have demonstrated that Carbocysteine reduces goblet cell hyperplasia. Carbocysteine can therefore be demonstrated to have a role in the management of disorders characterised by abnormal mucus.

Pharmacokinetic Properties

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Carbocysteine is rapidly absorbed from the GI tract. In a study conducted, at steady state (7 days) Carbocysteine capsules 375mg given as 2 capsules t.d.s. to healthy volunteers gave the following pharmacokinetic parameters: 
Plasma Determinations        Mean                         Range T Max (Hr)                   2.0                          1.0-3.0 T½ (Hr)                      1.87                         1.4-2.5 KEL (Hr-1)                   0.387                        0.28-0.50 AUG0.7.5 (mcg.Hr.ml-1)       39.26                        26.0-62.4 
Derived Pharmacokinetic Parameters
CLs (L.Hr-1) - Calculated from dose for day 7 of study        20.2 CLs (ml.min )-1
331
VD (L)                                                        105.2 VD (L.Kg-1)                                                   1/75