Pharmacological properties : תכונות פרמקולוגיות

Pharmacodynamic Properties

5.1   Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: mineral/potassium preparation.
ATC code: A12BA01.
Kalinor-retard 600 mg contains microencapsulated potassium chloride crystals (pellets) that are distributed following dissolution of the two-part capsule in the stomach and intestine.

The human body contains around 50 mmol/kg potassium, approx. 98% of which is intracellular.
The intracellular potassium concentration is approx. 140–150 mmol/l. The normal value for potassium concentration in the plasma is 3.5–5 mmol/l. The daily requirement is 1 to 1.5 mmol/kg body weight (39–59 mg/kg body weight) and is usually adequately covered by food. Potassium excretion is carried out up to 90% via the urine and around 10% via the gastrointestinal tract.
A potassium deficiency can occur as a result of increased renal excretion, extrarenal losses (e.g.
diarrhoea, vomiting) and/or inadequate intake.
In addition to the treatment of potassium deficiency symptoms through reconstruction of the physiological balance, the following clinical effects are to be stated for the administration of potassium: as a result of competitive inhibition, potassium can counteract the effect of Digitalis and can therefore be used in the case of cardiac arrhythmia disorders caused by increased glycoside sensitivity, as well as Digitalis intoxication.

Pharmacokinetic Properties

5.2   Pharmacokinetic properties
Potassium chloride is rapidly resorbed in the upper digestive tract following oral administration. In the case of an equalised potassium balance, around 90% of the oral intake of potassium is excreted within 8 hours and more than 98% is excreted within 24 hours via the urine. The distribution of the amount of potassium consumed is subject to the effect of numerous extrarenal mechanisms and cannot be anticipated under certain circumstances.
The almost linear release of potassium chloride from Kalinor-retard 600 mg occurs regardless of pH.
The active ingredient amount is released over around 6–8 hours.
Bioavailability
According to comparative tests on the bioavailability of different dosage forms of potassium chloride, microencapsulated potassium chloride is fully available as a result of the release behaviour of Kalinor-retard 600 mg.