Pharmacological properties : תכונות פרמקולוגיות

Pharmacodynamic Properties

5.1. Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Mineral supplements: Calcium antiacid ATC-code: A12AA04
An adequate intake of calcium is of importance during growth, pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Mechanism of Action/Effect (antiacid)
Calcium Carbonate reacts chemically to neutralise or buffer existing quantities of stomach acid but has no direct effect on its output. This action results in increased pH value of stomach contents, thus providing relief of hyperacidity symptoms. It also reduces acid concentration within the lumen of the oesophagus, thus causing an increase in intraoesophageal pH and a decrease in pepsin activity, which aids the control of gastro- oesophageal reflux.

Pharmacokinetic Properties

5.2. Pharmacokinetic properties
Absorption: The amount of calcium absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract is approximately 30% of the swallowed dose.
Distribution and biotransformation: 99% of the calcium in the body is concentrated in the hard structure of bones and teeth. The remaining 1% is present in the intra- and extracellular fluids. About 50% of the total blood- calcium content is in the physiologically active ionised form with approximately 10% being complexed to citrate, phosphate or other anions, the remaining 40% being bound to proteins, principally albumin.
Excretion and elimination: Calcium is eliminated through faeces, urine and sweat. Renal excretion depends on glomerular filtration and calcium tubular reabsorption.